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Indian Navy operates a fleet of 17 Submarines in its arsenal. These submarines are designed to be silent and deadly under the sea and give a punch to the enemy fleet on the surface of the sea. The submarines are deployed directly by the fleet commander and their deployment is confidential.
A submarine is an underwater combat asset of any Navy deployed deep under the sea. The submarines are equipped with Torpedoes, Missiles, Depth Charges and Underwater Mines. Submarine uses Sonar to detect the target and Torpedoes are programmed thereafter.
List of Indian Navy Submarines
1. Kalvari class submarines
Kalvari class submarines are built under project 75 of the Indian navy. A total of six submarines will be built by Mazagon dock Shipbuilders limited. Already 3 submarines are commissioned into the navy and the other three will be commissioned soon.
| Name | Pennant No. | Date of Launch | Date of Commission |
| INS Kalvari | S21 | 27 Oct 2015 | 14 Dec 2017 |
| INS Khanderi | S22 | 12 Jan 2017 | 28 Sep 2019 |
| INS Karanj | S23 | 31 Jan 2018 | 10 Mar 2021 |
| INS Vela | S24 | 06 May 2019 | – |
| INS Vagir | S25 | 12 Nov 2020 | – |
| INS Vagasheer | S26 | Yet to be launched | – |
2. Sindhughosh class submarines
Sindhughosh class submarines are built by Rosvooruzhenie, a Russian company. These are Kilo-class diesel-electric submarines with a capacity of 50-70 crew members.
| Name | Pennant No. | Date of Commission |
| Sindhugosh | S 55 | 30 Apr 1986 |
| Sindhudhvaj | S 56 | 12 Jun 1987 |
| Sindhuraj | S 57 | 20 Oct 1987 |
| Sindhuvir | S 58 | 11 Jun 88 |
| Sindhuratna | S 59 | 22 Dec 1988 |
| Sindhukesari | S 60 | 16 Feb 1989 |
| Sindhukirti | S 61 | 04 Jan 1990 |
| Sindhuvijay | S 62 | 08 Mar 1991 |
| Sindhushashtra | S 65 | 19 Jul 2000 |
3. Shishumar class submarines
Shishumar class submarines are developed by HDW, Kiel. The first of two diesel-electric Submarines were built at HDW and the other two were built in Mazagoan Dock Limited. The crew capacity of Shishumar class submarines is 40 including 8 officers.
| Name | Pennant No. | Date of Commission |
| Shishumar | S 44 | 22 Sep 1986 |
| Shankush | S 45 | 20 Nov 1986 |
| Shalki | S 46 | 07 Feb 1992 |
| Shankul | S 47 | 28 May 1994 |
4. Nuclear-powered submarines
Presently, the Indian Navy operates two Nuclear-powered submarines. The third submarine has been launched for sea trials and is expected to be commissioned in early 2022.
| Name | Pennant No. | Type |
| INS Chakra | S71 | Attack Submarine (SSN) |
| INS Arihant | S2 | Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) |
| INS Arighat | S2 | Ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) |
Two projects Indian Navy i.e. Ballistic Missile Submarine project and Project 75 Alpha Attack Submarine are underway. Both the projects have been approved by Cabinet Committee on Security.
Also Read: Offensive And Defensive Measures Of Submarine
